Ease of use is rated from 1 (hardest) to 10. Train the Hi-Lo method - the most popular. It works using the following card count: Cards of value between 2 and 7 are counted as +1; 10 and ace cards are counted as -1; Other cards require no count. Las Vegas Blackjack Table Minimums. CIPP; 2013 (78 pages)-Review TBD. Card counting is a technique used in the game of blackjack to track the ratio of high cards to low cards remaining in the deck or shoe. The Uston SS is considered to be an unbalanced system. Using Card Counting to Maximize Blackjack Payout. 60 (or 18. With a career spanning two decades, Mathieu Blake knows his way around a blackjack table. Count through a deck of cards. If the count. The count begins by multiplying the number of decks with -2. The Revere Advanced Point Count is a blackjack card counting strategy advanced by the late Lawrence Revere, author of Playing Blackjack as a Business. The third strategy is a simplified version of the second strategy, providing a simpler means for estimating the queens per deck ratio. this is absolutly true except for some variables. If you have a blackjack product or item that you want listed and or reviewed let me know about it. Ace Five-Count is a simplified card counting system. Blackjack card counting systems require a lot of practice in order for you to get a winning edge. 1. 1497 ADMIRALS ROAD SUITE 209 VICTORIA, BRITISH COLUMBIA CANADA, V9A 2P8. The most common card counting system used is the Hi-Lo system, which assigns a value of +1 to low cards (2-6), 0 to neutral cards (7-9), and -1 to high cards (10-Ace). 50% advantage over the house. For example, in the Hi-Lo system the Insurance index for a 6-deck game is 3. 3. You should understand right from the beginning that the Hi-Opt II system is more complex than most counting methods. The player starts a series by betting one unit. The most basic card counting system assigns point totals to each card that comes out of the deck. Card Counter: Changed from a $540 loss to a $1,400 win. This count represents an upgraded and significantly more complex version of the Hi-Opt I count that was. We reviewed most of them and will add reviews of any new discovered ones. You need to convert this “running count” into a “true count” following each hand. 10. This one takes a little bit of work to get used to and provides slightly better odds than the other highly. Aces are worth -1 and 5s +1. This means that by tracking which cards have come out of the shoe during play, we can. Blackjack Training Simulator Practice Optimal Strategy. This system also takes color into account with regards. Book review section, for suggestions on good blackjack books. 24%. A low-value card will add to your count by one point, and a high-value card subtracts one point from your running count. The purpose of card counting systems is to tell players when to bet big and when to bet small. Other counting systems are often unbalanced, meaning the final count of a 52-card deck is not zero. If the total is 21 the hand automatically stands. This is done by tracking the ratio of high cards to low cards, with more high cards being the desired outcome. In this, card 5 is counted as +1. Best Blackjack. The next blackjack card counting system you should consider as a beginner is the Red 7 System. These R22 indices are a modified version of the well-known Catch-22 (C22) indices discussed in Don Schlesinger's book, Blackjack Attack, third edition. Others will clamp down immediately when they see you spread from 1-10, or sometimes, even lower. If we use the optimum bet spread and choose the double-deck game with DAS, the potential profit per 100 hands increases to $67. Keep reading to learn more about each of the following card counting system and how you can begin today. (in Kiss 1, 4 cards count as +1, only 3 cards count as -1) As with all card counting systems, the goal of the KISS systems, is to help you know when you should increase your bets, because there is a greater chance to hit a blackjack. • In halves. The most basic counting system is called “High-Low” or “Hi-Lo”. It is not suitable for the beginning card counter. Some of these are even easier to learn. In the thrilling game of blackjack, where luck and strategy converge, counting cards has long been a secret weapon for players seeking an edge against the house. Here is a key for using this chart: Other blackjack card counting systems. However, a book, Blackbelt in Blackjack – written by. The Zen Count is a good intermediate strategy that allows users to maintain a simplified count with Ace usage that is a bit easier than some other advanced count systems. The counting-cards developer candidly admitted that his system had failed 3 consecutive times in his attempt to create an illustrative YouTube video. From the advertising, “Card counting in blackjack can easily be learned and our Interactive Games quiz book makes it fun. The dealer reveals a 2 and then is dealt a 10 and a K, going bust. The KO System is one of the easiest card counting strategies to learn and use. The Knock-Out or KO card counting system is a more advanced system that was developed by Ken Fuchs and Olaf Vancura. All you have to keep in mind is to either add 1, subtract 1 or choose to opt out of adding or subtracting when the cards are dealt. For example, the K-O system has a 1 point. External Resources. This system is effective mostly when the shoe has many medium-value cards, so from 7 to 9. 1; 2; First Prev 2 of 2 Go to page. It is noticeable that the counting in this system is much more diverse and complicated as it involves more than the three. It is a blackjack counting system. As players gain more confidence and can master these systems, they can start to use more advanced systems for better results. The system works on the basis of high and low cards. High-Low Point Values. Taking Insurance. Hit 12 vs 6 at -5 or lower. Hi Lo; Lucky Aces; Perfect Pairs;A couple popular card counting systems are the KO system and the Hi-Lo system. 64 % edge. 5 if you utilise this counting system. Cards 7-9 have no value. Analysis of some popular blackjack side bets that I have seen. Low cards, 2 though 6 are given the value of +1 and high cards such as 10s and aces are givenRunning Count. Like the name of the system itself, you need to count halves. Keeping a running count while the cards are being dealt. 96 which is the proof that this system works pretty well. Zen Count blackjack card counting system gives players a considerably high level of accuracy if applied correctly and at the same time, it is not hard to be comprehended. Better yet, with registration, you can add your own card counting strategies and/or load one of our 20 preset strategies. Specifically, in the KISS 2 system, the values assigned to each card are as follows: A,7,8,9 = 0 2 = 0/+1 3,4,5,6 = +1 T = -1. When counting cards with Hi-Lo, you change your running count as every card is dealt. This is the simplest blackjack card counting strategy, where high cards have the value -1, middle cards 0 and low cards +1. Hi-Opt II (short for highly optimum) is a balanced, level 2 card counting strategy that was developed by professional blackjack player Lance Humble in the 1970s and was outlined in the Hi-Opt II Report, which is, sadly, no longer in print. Until the 80s, almost all gamblers counted cards with this technique, and it is still extremely popular today. Wizard gives Insurance bets 34%, double downs 9%, and Blackjacks coming 4th at 7%. PCS makes very accurate and real-time calculations when playing Blackjack, showing the most important next play and optimal bet amount. The KO or Knockout System was developed to be both simple and effective. However, when the true count is above 3, it is statistically better to stand a 12 against a 2. Sales: [email protected]. In card counting, smart investing means guaranteed returns. Note that the level 2 refers to the wide variety of count values assigned to the cards. Hi-Lo card counting follows these rules: - 1+: card with value 2-6. Like the name of the system itself, you need to count halves. It is believed that it gets around 80% of the potential gain that is available from the Hi-Lo Count and other card counting. However, you will need to memorize more card values with this. If the three cards form a flush, straight, threeof- a-kind, or straight flush, the player wins. A positive running count means that the deck favors the player and all bets should be. Fax: 604-273-5650. Cards 2 to 6. The Wizard’s Ace-Five Count. The Hi Lo Card Counting Method. Einstein was obviously influenced by the work of Edward O. A good thing about this system is that its efficiency does not depend on side count of aces, unlike the Uston APC card counting system where aces are counted separately from the rest of the cards in the deck. With Spanish 21, hitting becomes more. 9% as well as their full versions under normal playing conditions. The unbalanced card counting systems. The math itself is simple—the worst problem that will arise is. If you’re playing a double-deck blackjack game, you should take insurance if the index is at least +2. This count represents an upgraded and significantly more complex version of the Hi-Opt I count that was. Stand with 12 vs 3 at +1 or higher. The Zen Card Counting system first appeared in Arnold Snyder’s 1983 book “Blackbelt in Blackjack”. Blackjack is played with a conventional deck of 52 playing cards and suits don’t matter. The Hi-Opt I (Hi Opt 1) blackjack card counting system, a version of Hi-Opt (highly optimum) counting systems, is a card counting strategy that is designed for use by more advanced blackjack players. This system assigns different values to cards than the traditional Hi-Lo Count, making it more effective in estimating the remaining cards in the deck. As cards of each group are dealt, the players subtracts their count from the. i understand the hi - lo but have seen a few videos on youtube and a few websites that say i shouldnt use the hi - lo. level system: a player counts cards by adding/subtracting 1, 2 and 3 points for each card of a deck; level system: a player counts cards by adding/subtracting 1, 2, 3 and 4 points for each card of a deck; Uston APC Count is a 3-level counting system, and it was developed for advanced players by a notorious blackjack player, expert and writer. Cards 7-9 have no value. In a six-deck shoe game, you start your count at -20, and in an eight-deck shoe game, you start at -28. The Uston SS Blackjack Card Counting System is more advanced but more accurate with a Betting Correlation of 99%. Vancouver, Canada--News. To correctly count cards in blackjack, whether online or at a casino, you must maintain a running total based on the face value of any cards shown. The first “secret” is that. In case you participate in a single-deck game, the potential profit, you could achieve by changing basic strategy plays based on the count with perfect play, could be 66%. Like other counting systems Uston APC relies on starting off with a 0 count then adding and subtracting from it. Most of the popular card counting systems used by professional blackjack players are “balanced”, meaning that the sum of the values assigned to each of the cards you’ve counted ends up being zero. Stand with 12 vs 2 at +3 or higher. The higher the count, the. If you have a blackjack product or item that you want listed and or reviewed let me know about it. Surrendering 15 sometimes vs a 10 is a sign of card counting (basic strategy says to do it always). Hi-Opt 2 / High-Opt II Blackjack Card Counting System. In the Hi-Lo system of card counting, the higher value cards are assigned -1, the lower value cards are assigned +1 and the middling cards are assigned. In my recent study of card counting systems, I've run into a few systems that are "Suit Aware. Non-counting cards (7, 8, and 9) = 0. ”. The Hi-Lo system was proposed in 1963 by Harvey Dubner and is based on Thorp's Ten-Count. It is known as an unbalanced system. Learn this system only after mastering a simple card counting system. Provided that you kept an accurate count as the cards were being dealt, you will be able to keep track the running value of the cards left in decks. Assigning Values In most counting systems, cards are assigned specific values. In this system, cards from 2 to 6 have a value of +0. Therefore, the number of times we have seen a card will range from 0 to 24 in our simulations. With my formulation of the Unbalanced. The table below shows cards and their tags when using the Omega II system. Most card counting systems start with a count of 0. We generally classify counting systems on ‘levels’. 5, 0. It uses decks of 52 cards and descends from a global family of casino banking games known as "twenty-one". Your deck estimation is great if you cut to card 234, or within 2 cards. Hey guys. ZYCOMP SYSTEMS LTD. It is not suitable for the beginning card counter. 5251 8 = 1 in 173. Maybe I could do this, but I'm really not smart enough. This app also offers a variety of features that can assist players in bettering their blackjack game to shift. The Highly Optimum card counting system was originally designed in 1968 by Charles Einstein. Ten is valued as -3, 5 is valued as +3, and 9 is valued as -1. Players began using speed counting in the early 2000s, a technique by Dan Pronovost. com. This system has the advantages of being both easy to use and accurate. All the numbers in the following tables are based on. You start with 0 and you count what cards are out of the deck. shuffling the cards). The system used depends on your pay schedule, but the count labels will vary only slightly. Play. It is more complicated than the conventional values of +1, 0 and -1. Add the 9 as a high card tagged -1. The Revere 14 card counting system is one of the two most famous level IV (level 4) count systems out there. Specifically, the Ace/Five card counting system gives the player a 0. One of the main reasons I’m a massive fan of this system for beginners is because it doesn’t require users to calculate a true count. 30-0. com] efficiency. You rarely hit any 12's, hit most stiffs against the 2, and virtually never take insurance. Imagine a blackjack card counter faced with a situation of trying to count a six-deck shoe game where two rounds are dealt between shuffles. Even if you’ve never counted cards before, Blackjack Counter has everything you need built-in to get started: many popular count systems, and a complete 40 page tutorial and introduction to card counting with our software. The pros will tell you… your investment starts by investing in yourself — by using the same training used to train an army. 4260. EarlVanDorn • 7 mo. There are many individual “counts” or systems. There are several card counting systems available. When the count gets to +1, you double your bet. This was created by Bryce Carlson, who also published a book on card counting in 1992. Card. What makes things easier is that true count is not necessary with them. Like the Omega II system, keeping a separate count of Aces is not required, but recommended. Took me weeks just to stop asking other people stupid. Thread starter Dyepaintball12; Start date Aug 28, 2006; Dyepaintball12 Well-Known Member. Aces also have a value of -1. Counting Cards Can Be Broken Into 4 Steps: Step 1. Card Counting Systems > Ace-Five. The Wizard’s Ace-Five Count. The Uston Advanced Plus-Minus Blackjack Card Counting System. 13 hours ago · Blackjack is a game of strategy, and luck; in this guide, Canadian players can find the rules and strategies to this popular table game. From Peter Griffin’s book The Theory of Blackjack [ qfit. ago. It is referred to as an “unbalanced” system because, unlike the HiLo, there are more low cards that affect the count than there are high cards. Snyder’s Red 7 card counting technique is the first unbalanced point count system ever invented. In most common card-counting systems such as Hi-Lo, players should begin by assigning a value for each card. You bet the $10 table minimum. The app has 3 modes: Play, Train, and Simulate, all of which aid players in mastering basic blackjack strategy and card counting. Below is a list of unbalanced card counting systems used in blackjack. Card Counting Is Antiquated If you read the relative "advantage" card counting systems give you, I am sure you've been disappointed. Knockout (KO) System. Additionally, the betting strategies and opportunities for card counting may differ between the two games due to variations in game rules and dynamics. The High-Low card counting system was invented in 1963 by a computer scientist and mathematician Harvey Dubner and later perfected by professor Edward Thorp. Running Count to True Count Conversion. The Zen Count is a card counting system developed by Arnold Snyder, a renowned blackjack expert. 0. It is the most widely used counting system for both amateur and professional players because of its power and simplicity. It’s also perfect for casual players that want to cut into the house edge and have the possibility of ending up slightly ahead of the casino, but aren’t worried about playing. A card counter uses this count to make betting and playing decisions. In the Advanced Omega II counting is a little more difficult because of the values assigned to the cards. The Martingale System - Great for guaranteeing a win if you have a large bankroll. These systems work by counting cards according to their values. Im new to the forum but excellent at counting cards and applying basic strategy (bs) to it to get a good edge on the house. Put cards back and rinse and repeat with different deck estimation. The Labouchere Betting System - A negative progression betting method which is effective for intermediate and expert players. We can all learn from his mistakes. By keeping a running count of the cards dealt and adjusting it based on their values, players can estimate the proportion of high cards to low cards remaining in the shoe. Bellingham, WA 98225. com card counting trainer is provided to increase your skill at counting cards. The house edge on the most common form of 21+3 – in Vegas at least – is 3. While you will have to be completely familiar with basic strategy first, you can learn the Hi-Lo count very quickly and be ready to use it after only a few hours practice. For example, if there are 8 decks, your count will begin from -16. Here are three blackjack card counting systems you can use instead of hi-lo: The Ace/Five System. This system works as follows: Card Values Each. 2 through 10 count at face value, i. Card counting involves keeping a basic running tally of which cards have come out of a shoe so far during a blackjack game. After a win, the player adds a unit; after a loss, the next. For a bet spread of 1-8 units, the player should bet 1 unit at a true count of 0, 2 units at a count of +1, 4 units at a count of +2, 8 units at a count of +3 or higher. By keeping track of the running count, which is the sum of the values assigned to each card that has. When using the balanced card counting system, you start counting from a number different than 0. Blackjack, or Twenty-one, is the most popular casino game. The worth of 3s, 4s and 6s is +1, while 5s are worth +1. D BLACKJACK CARD COUNTING Through the first eight chapters of this guide, you’ve learned how to play blackjack and how to play every hand perfectly, regardless. The Halves card counting system it’s a little more complicated because you get to add and subtract more points. In the Revere Point Count you will see that there are more plus values than minus values. The chart below provides you with an easy reference for how to count cards using different card counting systems. [1] Cards 2-6 have a value of +1. Among the 59 card-counting systems listed in Encyclopedia of Blackjack, it appears only two systems – AceMT and Hi-Lo – can also be used to card-count Spanish 21. 14 hours ago · The blackjack rules are straightforward — the game is played with 6 - 8 decks of cards in a shoe. Ben Affleck knows that using a card counting system is a better way to win money than sticking to a blackjack strategy card, but he got caught twice in two months. Ten Count: Known as the first mathematically sound system for card counting, the Ten Count system was introduced in 1962. They are as follows: Assign each card a value based on the plus-minus count. In this system, cards 2 to 6 are assigned +1, 10. Hit 12 vs 4 at -1 or lower. Zen Count. The cards that affect the KO count are as follows: 2-7 = +1. Start the count at 0, then add the card’s value to the. Free blackjack Trainer by Bojoko is a perfect, free tool for both beginners and experienced blackjack players alike. Again, the best blackjack card counting systems will account for this. 70 is an approximate cap on the highest possible PE for a single parameter counting system. The main advantage of the Hi-Lo blackjack card counting system is its simplicity. Each card counting system has different levels of accuracy depending on the Blackjack variation that is being played. All the cards have a face value of 2 - 10, picture cards known. Card counting is a blackjack technique that helps you follow the number of high and low cards in the shoe thus giving you some insight as to what type of card might come next – a bit of knowledge that can, indeed, tip the scales in your direction. Unlike the balanced formats above, an unbalanced card counting system doesn’t end up back at 0 by the end of the shoe. The player is mentally keeping track of the ratio of high to low cards. The name for this system is the Martingale. In other words, the bad cards are 2, 3 and 10. You add 5 points for all 2s, 1 point for 3s and 4s, 1. The MIT Blackjack Team was a group of students and ex-students from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, and other leading colleges who used card counting techniques and more sophisticated strategies to beat casinos at blackjack worldwide. This is what makes this system more complicated than others because. Blackjack Card Counting Author: GamblingSites. First of all, it is a level III (level 3) type of advanced system. As a quick brief on how the card counting system works, let's consider the Hi-Low count. This is also a multi-level count system as well at level II. The scientifically devised unbalanced K-O count can be used profitably anywhere blackjack is played: Las Vegas, Atlantic City, Mississippi, riverboat casinos, Native American casinos, the Bahamas, and on cruise ships. - 0: cards with value 7-9. But in a multiple-deck game of blackjack, let’s say eight decks, that’s 31 Aces left instead of 32. Step 2: Counting Cards. What makes the Blackjack KO system different than the Hi-Lo Counting method is that the KO system is an. Thus, it is a 48 card deck. Some of these are even easier to learn. Comprehensive list of the different blackjack card counting. The Encyclopedia of Blackjack underwent a major update starting in 2016. Every ace that gets dealt reduces your probability of getting dealt a blackjack. With balanced counts, the counting begins with the value of 0 and if the player goes through a deck, or multiple decks, of cards. While the SS stands for strongest. The Knock-Out card-counting system eliminates the mountain of mental arithmetic necessary to win at blackjack. It is a three-level blackjack card counting technique, which is suitable only for advanced and expert card counters. Just like you can win blackjack despite the house edge, you can also lose with this strategy. It is also known as the Plus/Minus system and is widely used by recreational players because it’s easy to learn and one can be ready to use it at a. We are looking at the most popular and most accessible blackjack card counting system, the Hi-Lo strategy. Step 2. The only change I made in the R22 is replacing 10vT with TTv4, which results in a better SCORE for most card counting systems. The player then adds up the values of the cards that have been dealt to determine the running count. 4 Learning the Hi-lo Card Counting Systems. Learn the Zen Count blackjack card counting system. Cards worth 10 have a value of -1. Balanced Count: A card counting system in which the sum of the negative cards is equal to the sum of positive cards. The idea is the same as in the Hi-Lo Card Counting System but involves 6 values, rather than 3. So, if the player plays six-deck blackjack, this means there are 12 half-decks. Lets look how do these systems work on this one. There are a few small adjustments that you may want to consider if you are playing a blackjack game where the dealer hits on soft 17. If you are new to blackjack card counting then this guide will be of great help. $25). The ace-ten. 0. The Ten-Count System requires to keep a track of the number of 10-valued and non-10-valued cards that have been drawn. Im new to the forum but excellent at counting cards and applying basic strategy (bs) to it to get a good edge on the house. You count the high and low cards that have been played since the last shuffle. The K-O system grew in popularity incredibly fast in 1998 when Ken Fuchs and Olaf Vancura published one of the most famous books about Blackjack – “Knock-Out Blackjack-The Easiest Card Counting System Ever Devised“. Now we can confidently start card counting. The Zen Count card counting system is one of the many card counting techniques devised by professional gambler and blackjack master Arnold Snyder. 1 more reply. The Illustrious 18. The cards are dealt until a certain amount of the shoe has been dealt – often, something like 75% of the shoe will be used before reshuffling. Ken Uston developed another card counting system called the Advanced Point Count (APC) in the early 1981s. In most common card-counting systems such as Hi-Lo, players should begin by assigning a value for each card. I am a believer in keeping it simple. Mathematically, card counting is worthless for all intents and purposes. Before you use Uston SS, you'd be better off going with Brett Harris' BRH counts, particularly BRH-1. This means that there is an equal number of positive values and negative values. All cards from 7 through 9 are considered as neutrals and will not be counted in the Hi-Lo system. The total of any hand is the sum of the card values in the hand. For beginners, the KO and Hi-Lo systems are great since they are a bit less complex. For the suave player who understands that variety is the spice of life, there are multiple card counting. 15%. In fact, it is centered around how much practice you put into the game. Techniques of Blackjack Card Counting. If you don’t end up at zero, then you did something wrong. Here’s a solid example: If you have a stiff 12 – 16 in traditional blackjack and the dealer shows a 2–6, you would stand (except you would hit 12 against dealer’s 2 and 3). An ace five system works on the basis of the notion that an ace is a highly valuable card for players and the 5 is the worst blackjack card. Nov 17, 2011 #21. You count low cards as +1 and high cards as -1. High cards (10 through A) = -1. We reviewed most of them and will add reviews of any new discovered ones. Low cards are assigned +1, high cards -1 and in the middle are 0. ago. 249. Colin has been counting cards for over 15 years, and ran a multi-million dollar blackjack team. dealer’s Ace. Blackjack Hi-Lo Card Counting Video Guide . Using what you see in your running count, keep a ‘true count’. His approach is the most commonly-cited non-counting system in use. Also, the Red 7 comes with a strategy of when to hit or stand in. Hit 12 vs 5 at -3 or lower. Players who use it assign a value of +1 to cards from 2 to 6, as well as red 7s. This means each time you bet, you will only bring back 97 cents in every dollar. For the suave player who understands that variety is the spice of life, there are multiple card counting systems available, each with its unique nuances. Card counting will give you a slight edge for Spanish 21 but the bet spreads are wider and the risk of being suspected as a card counter greater. If you play blackjack, you need to know how counting cards work. The KO blackjack system sacrifices accuracy for convenience. Red 7’s are valued at +1, and black 7’s are valued at 0. It is based. One of the simplest counting systems is called. First, it is true that you are more likely to get one small card and one big card in single-deck than multiple-deck. Blackjack Card Counting Strategy. While it may sound like something straight out of a Hollywood movie, card counting is a legitimate technique that can. This means that when you first sit down at a blackjack table, the count is 0. He succeeded to show winning. If the player has a 16 versus a dealer 10 the Hi-Lo index number is 0. If the count is high, bet more, if the count is low or negative, stay at the minimum bet. Start the count after the shuffle at 0 and every time you see a card with a face value of 2-6 add one to the count, if you see a card valued 7-9, do nothing and every time you see a 10 or A subtract. A number specified by advanced card counting systems where the ace is assigned a point value of zero. This strategy assigns different values to each card, allowing players to keep a more accurate track of the cards being dealt. This video will explain the different ty. The higher the value, the better the player’s advantage. +2 true count = $50 bet (1-5 spread) +3 true count = $100 bet (1-10 spread) +4 true count (and above) = $150 (1-15 spread) Some casinos let you get away with as high as a 1-15 spread. The KO card counting system, also known as the Knock-Out card count, is a system where if you counted down an entire deck of cards, you will NOT end up with a count of 0. This counting strategy requires you to break cards down into different groups and assign them point values as follow: Low cards (2 through 6) = +1. Period. Blackjack is a popular casino game that offers players the chance to win big by using strategy and skill. It is a skill that requires a lot of practice and also a thorough understanding of. A Harvard chemical biologist who has been kicked out of casinos for winning too much money with a blackjack card. The easiest card counting system in blackjack is called Hi-Lo and works like this: for each low. "Playing efficiency" describes how accurately your counting system tells you when and how to deviate from basic strategy.